unit 4 coursework pre production
Unit 4:
Learning Aim A- Understand the requirements of pre-production of a digital media product.
In this assignment, i will be focussing on digital publishing production.
The first source of finance is private, which is a commonly used term in banking and finance. It refers to lending money to a company or individual by a private individual or organisation. An example of financing available in digital publishing which are companies who produce magazine, such as future publishing who publish specific magazines such as clay shooting. An example of financing of a product in a magazine companies is the global finance magazine which was a company who have recently publish magazines privately. The impact of private financing on products such as magazine companies such as Bauer company who publish magazines and article within the digital publishing finance section is they can loose money if the magazines are not interesting people as they are less likely to buy them.
Section 1: Finance:
Private finance:
A private finance initiative (PFI) is a way of financing public sector projects through the private sector. For example, Guardian media group which is a private sector and they gain their finance independently. Private finance is typically from a specific company and is not funded by the government and other large production companies. For example, insisting in having a certain character in a film such as in Star Wars the director wanted Han Solo to die but the investor wanted him to continue due to his good acting and important role. The impact of private financing on products in the digital publishing section is that print adverts would become expensive and would interest less people as they would have to pay to access them. An example is warner brothers studio as they have to make a profit to enable to earn a certain amount, it can lead to bankrupting companies.
Public financing:
The second source of finance is public finance, which is the study of the role of the government in the economy. It is the branch of economics which assesses the government revenue and government expenditure of the public authorities. An example of public finance in digital publishing such as magazines and articles is BBC which is publicly financed, as we pay tax for it so they have to make sure people feel people's money is going into something they can enjoy. An example of a product which has used public financing is BBC player, BBC news. The impact of public financing on products would be they become boring for people to read due to them being repetitive and similar.
Joint financing:
The third source of finance is joint finance, which is a arrangement is a means of ensuring the availability of funds for the development of a facility, a service or a full range of air navigation services. An example of joint financing in digital publishing is magazine companies may partner themselves with other companies.
The impact of joint financing on magazines and articles is they may have to be changed if the company they are partnering with are not happy or don't agree to what they want to publish. An example BFI using the lottery funding contributing with another company supported making 'This is England' film which means they are splitting the risk so if the film doesn't make a profit they would all be in a loss.
Facilities and equipment:
Facilities and equipment in digital publishing section would be online tools such as having a studio, editing studio and photography equipment such as camera. The purpose of these tools are to produce the magazine and to make it look professional and outstanding, for it to catch the readers eye. These online tools are required as they are the only way to design the magazine and enable to allow to publish them meeting the audience needs. An
example of costing is starting at $99 and can go unto $100 plus.
Cast and crews
Materials
Legal
Section 2:
Regulations:
Employment regulations is a set of laws that deal with the rights of employees and the responsibilities of employers: Employment law covers a wide range of issues from pension plans and retirement, to occupational safety, to discrimination in the workplace. This is important to media production companies as they need to make sure they are legally following the specific set laws and rules to make sure their company is not doing anything wrong.put in place to protect workers from wrongdoing by their employers. Without those statutes, workers would be vulnerable to a number of threats. The key employment laws include discrimination, minimum wage, and workplace safety and health laws. The impact it can have if companies are not following the health and safety regulations is they can put themselves at risk swell as loosing out when producing magazines, and this can lead to people becoming less interesting.
OFCOM-
OFCOM is the regulator and competition authority for the UK communications industries. The role of this body is to regulate print adverts and to provide age rating so they cater needs of people at the appropriate age. They cover media sectors such as the TV, radio sectors, fixed line telecoms, mobiles and postal services. This can also include any airwaves over which wireless devices operate. Their regulatory role is to provide appropriate content for people at a certain age group. For example, the film This is England had a previous UK age rating of 15 and was soon changed to 18 due to the amount of violence and swearing used, it was not appropriate for children. It is important for media production companies to ensure that children were not watching something that would be harsh for them to listen to such as swearing at the age of 15. Media production companies need to make sure they are following the guidelines so they are not producing sets standards for programmes which broadcasters have to follow. The code exists to protect viewers and listeners from harmful and offensive content.
Learning Aim A- Understand the requirements of pre-production of a digital media product.
In this assignment, i will be focussing on digital publishing production.
The first source of finance is private, which is a commonly used term in banking and finance. It refers to lending money to a company or individual by a private individual or organisation. An example of financing available in digital publishing which are companies who produce magazine, such as future publishing who publish specific magazines such as clay shooting. An example of financing of a product in a magazine companies is the global finance magazine which was a company who have recently publish magazines privately. The impact of private financing on products such as magazine companies such as Bauer company who publish magazines and article within the digital publishing finance section is they can loose money if the magazines are not interesting people as they are less likely to buy them.
Section 1: Finance:
Private finance:
A private finance initiative (PFI) is a way of financing public sector projects through the private sector. For example, Guardian media group which is a private sector and they gain their finance independently. Private finance is typically from a specific company and is not funded by the government and other large production companies. For example, insisting in having a certain character in a film such as in Star Wars the director wanted Han Solo to die but the investor wanted him to continue due to his good acting and important role. The impact of private financing on products in the digital publishing section is that print adverts would become expensive and would interest less people as they would have to pay to access them. An example is warner brothers studio as they have to make a profit to enable to earn a certain amount, it can lead to bankrupting companies.
Public financing:
The second source of finance is public finance, which is the study of the role of the government in the economy. It is the branch of economics which assesses the government revenue and government expenditure of the public authorities. An example of public finance in digital publishing such as magazines and articles is BBC which is publicly financed, as we pay tax for it so they have to make sure people feel people's money is going into something they can enjoy. An example of a product which has used public financing is BBC player, BBC news. The impact of public financing on products would be they become boring for people to read due to them being repetitive and similar.
Joint financing:
The third source of finance is joint finance, which is a arrangement is a means of ensuring the availability of funds for the development of a facility, a service or a full range of air navigation services. An example of joint financing in digital publishing is magazine companies may partner themselves with other companies.
The impact of joint financing on magazines and articles is they may have to be changed if the company they are partnering with are not happy or don't agree to what they want to publish. An example BFI using the lottery funding contributing with another company supported making 'This is England' film which means they are splitting the risk so if the film doesn't make a profit they would all be in a loss.
Facilities and equipment:
Facilities and equipment in digital publishing section would be online tools such as having a studio, editing studio and photography equipment such as camera. The purpose of these tools are to produce the magazine and to make it look professional and outstanding, for it to catch the readers eye. These online tools are required as they are the only way to design the magazine and enable to allow to publish them meeting the audience needs. An
example of costing is starting at $99 and can go unto $100 plus.
Cast and crews
Materials
Legal
Section 2:
Regulations:
Employment regulations is a set of laws that deal with the rights of employees and the responsibilities of employers: Employment law covers a wide range of issues from pension plans and retirement, to occupational safety, to discrimination in the workplace. This is important to media production companies as they need to make sure they are legally following the specific set laws and rules to make sure their company is not doing anything wrong.put in place to protect workers from wrongdoing by their employers. Without those statutes, workers would be vulnerable to a number of threats. The key employment laws include discrimination, minimum wage, and workplace safety and health laws. The impact it can have if companies are not following the health and safety regulations is they can put themselves at risk swell as loosing out when producing magazines, and this can lead to people becoming less interesting.
OFCOM-
OFCOM is the regulator and competition authority for the UK communications industries. The role of this body is to regulate print adverts and to provide age rating so they cater needs of people at the appropriate age. They cover media sectors such as the TV, radio sectors, fixed line telecoms, mobiles and postal services. This can also include any airwaves over which wireless devices operate. Their regulatory role is to provide appropriate content for people at a certain age group. For example, the film This is England had a previous UK age rating of 15 and was soon changed to 18 due to the amount of violence and swearing used, it was not appropriate for children. It is important for media production companies to ensure that children were not watching something that would be harsh for them to listen to such as swearing at the age of 15. Media production companies need to make sure they are following the guidelines so they are not producing sets standards for programmes which broadcasters have to follow. The code exists to protect viewers and listeners from harmful and offensive content.
IPSO-
IPSO
is the Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO) is the independent
regulator for the newspaper and magazine industry in the UK. The role of IPSO
is to hold newspapers and magazines to account for their actions, protect
individual rights, uphold high standards of journalism and help to maintain
freedom of expression. Their
regulatory role is to deal with complaints from members of the public and they
can control editorial content of newspapers and magazines. It is important that
media companies follow the IPSO guidelines as they can get sued and create a
bad reputation for their own company. This can lead to their company becoming
less popular. For example, if they have lied about something which is
completely wrong.
The impact
media companies will have is getting fines, printing contractions and can be
taken to court and get sued. Another impact not following IPSO guidelines can
have a negative impact on the companies these guidelines were raised after the
phone hacking issue was going on. This could be possibly lead to newspapers and
other media texts committing crimes leading to criminal charges and further
consequences. An example
is Melania Trump who was accused of doing inappropriate things so she was
deciding so sue to the companies who wrote false accusations of her. The fine
was going to be 205 million pound, but they published a public apology and gave
their fine this impacted Melania has she lost her reputation and the public
thought badly of her. ‘The
amount of the damages was not specified in this case, but Melania Trump was
previously awarded almost $3 million in a lawsuit brought against the Daily
Mail for false and defamatory statements about her.’ An example of IPSO guidelines not being followed is a newspaper article which people have be complaining about of how parts of the information is inaccurate. Such as the Bristol post which was reported about but was decided to be upheld as some information was true. This is due to them not following the IPSO accuracy ruling which led to them having to apologise and correct the information they produced. It spoke about the concerns over the rate of
deaths by suicide amongst the student population of the University of the West
of England.
ASA-
ASA is the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA), is the self-regulatory organisation of the advertising industry in the United Kingdom. The role of the ASA is to advertise and make sure everything is at the correct standards. They regulate the content of advertisements, sales promotions and direct marketing in the UK" by investigating "complaints made about ads, sales promotions or direct marketing. We respond to concerns and complaints from consumers and businesses and take action to ban ads which are misleading, harmful, offensive or irresponsible. The ASA is a non-statutory organisation and so cannot interpret or enforce legislation. However, its code of advertising practice broadly reflects legislation in many instances. The media sector they cover is advertising in the industry in the UK. Their regulatory role is to make sure ensure everything is being produced to the correct standards and appropriate enough to be released. Its important for media production to follow the ASA guidelines as this is a way to raise awareness of any issues after the adverts are released. This is a way to support the producers and to ensure they are happy with what they have produced. The impact this may have on media companies if they don't follow the ASA guidelines as this is a limitation to companies on improving on their production. Its extremely essential to make sure that magazines and other print adverts are not lying about something which isn't true or is misleading. For example, the tango advert which had a catch line 'you know when you have been tangoed' which suggested that children were using physical violence and imitating what the advert was said. Another example is the 'are you beach ready body advert' which was a women who was slim and the advert was saying if you didn't have this body, you were not beach worthy. Which put a negative impact on people as they felt like it was discriminating them. This is advertised for the weight loss collection, which was soon banned as it wasn't something nice to be said.
Health and safety regulations:
The health and safety regulation is the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974.The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (the Management Regulations) generally make more explicit what employers are required to do to manage health and safety under the Health and Safety at Work Act.
It is important for media companies to follow health and safety regulations as if they don't they can be sued, could be any criminal offence leading to substantial fines. The impact it can have on media productions if they don't follow health and safety regulations is they are claimed as breaching the regulation which is a crime throughout the UK. However, in England and Wales contravention is punishable on summary of any conviction of indictment with an unlimited fine. Also, on media production companies such as magazine producers if the money is going towards fines and not the actual magazine product this can be initiate the product is not good quality.
Section 3: Trade Unions:
NUJ
The National Union of Journalists is the voice for journalists and journalism. The NUJ
is an inclusive union and represents a broad range of media professionals. Their role is to
improve the pay and conditions of our members and protect and promote media freedom, professionalism and ethical standards.They make sure individuals are not being discriminated at against on the basis of age, gender ethnicity etc.
BECTU
BECTU is the UK's media and entertainment trade union, representing more than 40,000 staff, contract and freelance workers in creative industries.; film and cinema; digital media; independent production; leisure; IT and telecoms, and theatre and the arts. The role of BECTU is to standards for the costs of how much producers should be getting paid, this includes having standards of health and safety to keep the members safe. This includes physical factors to reduce risk of injuries and mental factors such as workplace, harassment etc. It is important for media companies to follow the BECTU guidelines as they support print media producers with additional professional support so they can improve their products. If media companies don't allow the BECTU guidelines this can put them at risk and their production would start to fall, which means they will be making a loss as no one will buy their print adverts.
There are five elements of production when a film is designed which are:
1. Development- this is where the project is started and where ideas are gathered together. This includes the key cast are attached in a specific film and costings. For example, green lighting a film which is where the ideas are approved and finance their project.
2. pre-production- where scripts are amended, budgets are adjusted, actors are cast and locations scouted etc. An example is when film producers are beginning to start rehearsing and acting.
3.Production- this is the most busiest time for the producers and specific locations are hired.Production is usually the shortest of the five phases, even though it is paramount to the film and where most of the budget is allotted.
4. Post-production- This is where the footage is edited, sound is mixed, visual effects are added, a soundtrack is composed, titles are created, and the project is completed and prepared for distribution.
5. Distribution- this is where the film will be released at the cinema to allow the audience to watch it.Whatever the distribution plan is, the producers will have spent many hours planning and marketing their piece to ensure the biggest audience and largest return. Distribution is the final stage of the project, the channel of distribution and marketing of the project will be planned in pre-production. If it is planned badly and fails to garner good distribution, then all the other phases will be wasted as nobody views the final product and covers the cost of the project.
ASA-
ASA is the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA), is the self-regulatory organisation of the advertising industry in the United Kingdom. The role of the ASA is to advertise and make sure everything is at the correct standards. They regulate the content of advertisements, sales promotions and direct marketing in the UK" by investigating "complaints made about ads, sales promotions or direct marketing. We respond to concerns and complaints from consumers and businesses and take action to ban ads which are misleading, harmful, offensive or irresponsible. The ASA is a non-statutory organisation and so cannot interpret or enforce legislation. However, its code of advertising practice broadly reflects legislation in many instances. The media sector they cover is advertising in the industry in the UK. Their regulatory role is to make sure ensure everything is being produced to the correct standards and appropriate enough to be released. Its important for media production to follow the ASA guidelines as this is a way to raise awareness of any issues after the adverts are released. This is a way to support the producers and to ensure they are happy with what they have produced. The impact this may have on media companies if they don't follow the ASA guidelines as this is a limitation to companies on improving on their production. Its extremely essential to make sure that magazines and other print adverts are not lying about something which isn't true or is misleading. For example, the tango advert which had a catch line 'you know when you have been tangoed' which suggested that children were using physical violence and imitating what the advert was said. Another example is the 'are you beach ready body advert' which was a women who was slim and the advert was saying if you didn't have this body, you were not beach worthy. Which put a negative impact on people as they felt like it was discriminating them. This is advertised for the weight loss collection, which was soon banned as it wasn't something nice to be said.
Health and safety regulations:
The health and safety regulation is the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974.The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (the Management Regulations) generally make more explicit what employers are required to do to manage health and safety under the Health and Safety at Work Act.
It is important for media companies to follow health and safety regulations as if they don't they can be sued, could be any criminal offence leading to substantial fines. The impact it can have on media productions if they don't follow health and safety regulations is they are claimed as breaching the regulation which is a crime throughout the UK. However, in England and Wales contravention is punishable on summary of any conviction of indictment with an unlimited fine. Also, on media production companies such as magazine producers if the money is going towards fines and not the actual magazine product this can be initiate the product is not good quality.
Section 3: Trade Unions:
NUJ
The National Union of Journalists is the voice for journalists and journalism. The NUJ
is an inclusive union and represents a broad range of media professionals. Their role is to
improve the pay and conditions of our members and protect and promote media freedom, professionalism and ethical standards.They make sure individuals are not being discriminated at against on the basis of age, gender ethnicity etc.
They provide and advise on legal matters that may arise from your specific job, for example pay disputes, and employment tribunals.The media sector they cover is print and they improve advertise and improve productions. It is essential for media companies to make sure they are following the NUJ guidelines as they support producers in improving their standards and allow them to create more interesting things. The impact it can have on media companies if they don't follow the guidelines is they limit themselves on getting professionals support and not getting the inclusive advice.
BECTU
BECTU is the UK's media and entertainment trade union, representing more than 40,000 staff, contract and freelance workers in creative industries.; film and cinema; digital media; independent production; leisure; IT and telecoms, and theatre and the arts. The role of BECTU is to standards for the costs of how much producers should be getting paid, this includes having standards of health and safety to keep the members safe. This includes physical factors to reduce risk of injuries and mental factors such as workplace, harassment etc. It is important for media companies to follow the BECTU guidelines as they support print media producers with additional professional support so they can improve their products. If media companies don't allow the BECTU guidelines this can put them at risk and their production would start to fall, which means they will be making a loss as no one will buy their print adverts.
There are five elements of production when a film is designed which are:
1. Development- this is where the project is started and where ideas are gathered together. This includes the key cast are attached in a specific film and costings. For example, green lighting a film which is where the ideas are approved and finance their project.
2. pre-production- where scripts are amended, budgets are adjusted, actors are cast and locations scouted etc. An example is when film producers are beginning to start rehearsing and acting.
3.Production- this is the most busiest time for the producers and specific locations are hired.Production is usually the shortest of the five phases, even though it is paramount to the film and where most of the budget is allotted.
4. Post-production- This is where the footage is edited, sound is mixed, visual effects are added, a soundtrack is composed, titles are created, and the project is completed and prepared for distribution.
5. Distribution- this is where the film will be released at the cinema to allow the audience to watch it.Whatever the distribution plan is, the producers will have spent many hours planning and marketing their piece to ensure the biggest audience and largest return. Distribution is the final stage of the project, the channel of distribution and marketing of the project will be planned in pre-production. If it is planned badly and fails to garner good distribution, then all the other phases will be wasted as nobody views the final product and covers the cost of the project.
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